The iron bound with transferrin enters the target cells, primarily red blood cells, through receptor-mediated endocytosis, and iron is stored in hemoglobin and myoglobin ( 2.3 Harm of metal ion metabolism disorder If metal ion metabolism is out of balance, it can have a variety of adverse effects on human health, including: Iron deficiency leads to iron-deficiency anemia, while iron overload can lead to iron deposition in organs such as the heart, liver, and brain, increasing the risk of diabetes, cirrhosis, liver cancer, arrhythmia, heart failure, retinal degeneration, and neurodegenerative diseases ( 3 Iron ion metabolism 3.1 Relationship between iron overload and diabetes Iron overload (IO) is a hazard factor for diabetes
British Journal of Diabetes
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But factors like a diet high in sulfur-rich foods, stress, or antibiotics can wipe out the normal bacteria and give these microbes the chance to take over